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CONTENTS
• Notes and News 287

Articles
• DOUGLAS G. SUTTON. Maori Demographic Change, 1769-1840: The Inner Workings of “A Picturesque but Illogical Simile” 291

• FRANTISEK LICHTENBERK. Leadership in Proto-Oceanic Society: Linguistic Evidence 341

Shorter Communications
• R. M. S. TAYLOR. Sealskin Softening by Teeth — A Maori Case? 357
• ANDREW J. DAIBER. Significance of Constellations in Carolinian Navigation 371

Correspondence
• ROBERT LANGDON. Sixteenth Century Spaniards in New Zealand — Without Documentation379

Reviews
• Craig, Elsdon: Destiny Well Sown: A Biography of Lt.-Col. W. E. Gudgeon, 1841-1920. M. P. K. SORRENSON 385
• Duranti, Alessandro: The Samoan Fono: A Sociolinguistic Study. G. B. MILNER 386
• Irwin, Geoffrey: Land, Pā and Polity. A Study based on the Maori Fortifications of Pouto. JANET DAVIDSON 389

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• Laracy, Hugh (ed.): Tuvalu: A History. DOUG MUNRO 392
• May, R. J. and Hank Nelson (eds): Melanesia: Beyond Diversity. MARLENE LEVINE 396
• Meehan, Betty: Shell Bed to Shell Midden. JULIA CLARK 398
• Moyle, Richard (ed.): The Samoan Journals of John Williams 1830 and 1832. HUGH LARACY 401
• Sack, Peter, and Dymphna Clark (eds and trans): Eduard Hernsheim: South Sea Merchant. JOHN MOSES 402
• Young, Hugh: Nga Ingoa a Aotearoa (An Oral Dictionary of Maori Placenames). Part 1: Te Upoko o to Ika (The lower North Island). BRUCE BIGGS 404
• Young, John: Adventurous Spirits: Australian Migrant Society in Pre-Cession Fiji. A. R. TIPPETT 406
• Young, Michael W.: Magicians of Manumanua: Living Myth in Kalauna. JEFFREY SISSONS 407
• Publications Received 411
• Minutes of 1986 Annual General Meeting 413

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We were sorry to learn of the death of Austin Graham Bagnall on 16 April of this year. Mr Bagnall, who was born in 1912, served for 20 years as a librarian in the National Library Centre, Wellington and was Chief Librarian of the Turnbull Library from 1966 until his retirement in 1973. A long-standing member and officer of the Polynesian Society, Austin Bagnall served as Treasurer from 1939 to 1943, as Acting Secretary from 1943 to 1944, and as a member of Council from 1945 to 1955. He had a life-long interest in bibliographic compilation and in New Zealand history. Among his publications are the New Zealand National Bibliography to the year 1960, and Wairarapa: An Historical Excursion, for which he received the J. M. Sherrard Award for regional history.

The Polynesian Society has experienced a slow but steady decline in membership in the past few years. Council, at its July meeting, expressed concern at this state of affairs and is currently organising a membership drive. It would be helpful if current members and subscribers would do all they could to draw to the attention of potential or former members the very real benefits of continuing membership in the Society. Requests to join or subscribe should be sent to the Assistant Secretary at the address given on the inside front cover.

Readers are reminded that there is a wide range of Polynesian Society publications as well as back issues of the Journal available for sale at very reasonable prices. A listing of publications and prices appears at the back of this issue.

The comprehensive Tokelau Dictionary has just been published by the Office of - 288 Tokelau Affairs. Begun in 1976, and produced at the University of Auckland, the dictionary includes a 40 page “Outline of Tokelau Grammar”, a Tokelau-English Dictionary of 434 pages, and a 66 page English-Tokelau Wordlist. The Tokelau entries are amply illustrated with sample sentences. Among dictionaries of Polynesian languages the Tokelau Dictionary is perhaps unique in having a native Tokelau speaker, Mr Ropati Simona, as its lexicographer. Mr Simona has been a Research Associate in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Auckland, where he has been able to consult with linguists and anthropologists concerned with Tokelau studies.

The Polynesian Society is handling sales of the dictionary to scholars and libraries. The cost of the handsomely produced paperback volume is NZ$30.00 (plus $3.00 GST within New Zealand), plus $1.50 for postage and handling within New Zealand, $3.50 for overseas. Orders should be directed to the Assistant Secretary of the Society.

The Centre for the Study of Auckland History and Society was established in late 1985 at the University of Auckland under the auspices of the Department of History. Directed by Senior Lecturer in History Dr Raewyn Dalziel, the Centre will foster a multi-disciplinary approach in initiating and encouraging research into the history of the Auckland region. Expertise from within the university will be sought from such diverse fields as anthropology, Maori studies, political studies, sociology, economics, geography and others. The Centre also hopes to promote the active involvement of interested parties from outside the university. Among its functions will be collecting, recording and publishing information on historical and related projects now underway; initiation of new projects; providing professional help to local bodies, organizations and businesses undertaking historical research; the holding of seminars and conferences for people interested in the Auckland region; encouraging the teaching of local history in schools, and offering help to teachers; and generally stimulating interest in the history of Auckland.

The Centre is holding its first lecture series in 1986, with meetings approximately monthly (the last tuesday of each month) in the Town Planning Department, Symonds Street, University of Auckland. On August 11th it held a half-day workshop session, “Interviewing and Oral History”, which featured as key speaker Judith Fyfe of the Oral History Archive in Wellington.

Further information about the Centre and its activities can be obtained from Dr Raewyn Dalziel, Department of History, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1, New Zealand.

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We are pleased to note (somewhat belatedly) the establishment and continuing regular publication of a new journal, Hurupaa: Undergrowth, which is edited and published by postgraduate students in anthropology at the University of Auckland. To date four issues are available, with another due to be issued in September, 1986: No.1 (Sept. 1984), No.2 (March 1985), No.3 (Sept. 1985), and No.4 (March 1986). The Hurupaa editorial collective writes: “We prefer material with a New Zealand or Pacific focus. This includes topics relating to Pakeha society, culture, institutions, power relations, oral history, language, etc.; Maori social life, history, institutions, prehistory, language, oral history, etc.; ethnic groups and ethnic relations in New Zealand; and general theoretical topics. We also publish reviews of books or films relevant to New Zealand and the Pacific, and shorter items suitable for the ‘News and Comments’ section. Contributions may be written in English or Maori (or in other Pacific languages).”

Correspondence and submissions should be directed to Barbara White, Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1.

The East-West Population Institute, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii has announced its 1986-87 competition for Graduate Student Scholarships for citizens or permanent residents of New Zealand. The awards are for specialization in population in the fields of anthropology, biostatistics/epidemiology, economics, geography, psychology and sociology, and cover housing costs in Honolulu, stipend for food and incidental expenses, book allowance, health insurance, and the opportunity to apply for fieldwork support. The costs of travel and tuition fees at the University of Hawaii are not included, but applicants may apply to the East-West Center for supplemental grants to cover these.

In addition to the Population Institute, other Institutes of the Center offer Graduate Degree Study Awards. The closing date for all applications is December 1, 1986. Further information concerning East-West Center programmes can be obtained by writing to: Award Services, East-West Center, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96848, U.S.A.

Through a production error which went unnoticed, several figures in the March issue (Volume 95, No.1) were misplaced or mis-oriented. In the article, “Relearning a Vanishing Art”, by Ben R. Finney, Bernard J. Kilonsky, Stephen Somsen and Edward D. Stroup (pp.41-90), Figure 5, p.62, and Figure 12, p.78, were inadvertently switched. The caption on p.62 is correct, but the figure which - 290 should appear above it is that printed on p.78. Similarly, the caption on p.78 is correct, but the figure which should appear there is on p.62.

In the same article the caption for Figure 11, p.74, should read: “The 1980 voyage of Hōkūle'a (9 °S to Tahiti), showing actual track and Nainoa Thompson's D.R. positions. The number beside each D.R. position refers to the date: ‘a’ for estimates made before noon; ‘b’ for estimates made after noon. The dashed line joins the D.R. position with the true position of the canoe at the time.”

In the article “‘Makeshift Structures of Little Importance’: A Reconsideration of Maori Round Huts”, by Atholl Anderson (pp.91-114), Figure 1, p.96, was printed upside down.

The editors apologize to readers and to all the authors concerned.

Douglas G. Sutton is a Senior Lecturer in Anthropology at the University of Auckland. He received his PhD in archaeology from the University of Otago. He has undertaken archaeological research in southern and central New Zealand, the Chatham Islands, Labrador, Chilean Patagonia and, most recently, central Northland. Dr Sutton is currently investigating the origin and operation of the northern Maori chiefdom, particularly with respect to the Nga Puhi hapu of the inland Bay of Islands.

Frantisek Lichtenberk is a Senior Lecturer in Linguistics in the Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland. He received his PhD from the University of Hawaii, and has carried out field research in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. His research interests include Oceanic descriptive, historical and comparative linguistics.